ICP-AES法测定高温合金中5种非金属元素

本文研究了快速测定高温合金中5种非金属元素(As、B、P、Se、Si)的分析方法,以满足高温合金行业对非金属元素检测的需求。利用王水和高氯酸对高温合金进行酸溶解,并系统研究了基体元素和共存元素对分析元素谱线的光谱干扰情况,同时进行了分析谱线的选择。5种非金属元素的检出限在5.5 ～ 11.9 ug/ml,5次数据的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.9 % ～ 7 %,各元素的回收率在96 % ～ 102 %之间,该方法适用于高温合金中非金属元素的测定。     

激光多普勒测速技术在气液两相流中的应用

本文采用激光颗粒动态分析仪(PDA)测量了钢包底部喷吹气液两相流中气泡的直径和气泡上升速度的分布;采用激光多普勒测速仪(LDA)测量了气液两相区和液体单相循环区液体速度场的分布。测量结果表明:气泡在脱离喷嘴上浮一定距离后,其大小基本保持不变;在气液两相区中,气泡速度和液体速度的分布均服从高斯分布;液体在单相区作循环流动,在侧壁与底部交接处,存在液体流动的“死区”。     

Multicaloric and coupled-caloric effects

The multicaloric effect refers to the thermal response of a solid material driven by simultaneous or sequential application of more than one type of external field.For practical applications,the multicaloric effect is a potentially interesting strategy to improve the efficiency of refrigeration devices.Here,the state of the art in multi-field driven multicaloric effect is reviewed.The phenomenology and fundamental thermodynamics of the multicaloric effect are well established.A number of theoretical and experimental research approaches are covered.At present,the theoretical understanding of the multicaloric effect is thorough.However,due to the limitation of the current experimental technology,the experimental approach is still in progress.All these researches indicated that the thermal response and effective reversibility of multiferroic materials can be improved through multicaloric cycles to overcome the inherent limitations of the physical mechanisms behind single-field-induced caloric effects.Finally,the viewpoint of further developments is presented.     

Chemical synthesis and characterization of manganese oxide coated Ni particles

Nanosized Ni particles with an average diameter of about 8 nm were prepared by reducing of NiCl 2 with sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) in aqueous solution. By moderate annealing in protective atmosphere, the composite grew up to be 15-20 nm particles. Both of the as-prepared and annealed Ni particles were coated by a layer of manganese oxide via decomposition reaction in aqueous KMnO4 solution. Hysteresis loops of as-prepared samples show a large increase in the magnetization with decreasing temperature and an unsaturated component at high magnetic field. In contrast, the ferromagnetic characteristics of annealed one are much stronger with large magnetization and coercivity. The thermomagnetic curves verified the coexistence of ferromagnetic Ni and antiferromangetic Mn oxide phases. But there exists no exchange bias behavior in the samples, even though the interface structure between the ferromagnetic Ni core and the antiferromagnetic manganese oxides has been distinctly formed. The absence of exchange bias probably originates from the weak ferromagnetic characteristic of Ni cores.     

Analyzing the phase composition of Si-B and Si-B-Ti alloys based on silicon

An interally consistent analysis of the available data on the conditions of the equilibrium of phases and thermodynamic properties of Si-B alloys based on silicon is performed. Phase equilibria in the Si-B-Ti system in the temperature and concentration regions of the existence of solid solution based on silicon are calculated using the obtained data. Conditions for the precipitation of titanium diboride from Si-B-Ti solid solution at 1523 K are found.     

辉光放电质谱分析中质谱干扰及其校正方法的现状

详细地介绍了辉光放电质谱分析中的质谱干扰如同量异位素、多原子离子和多电荷离子干扰。从同位素选择、高分辨率仪器、碰撞诱导解离、离子源冷却、数学方法校正、放电气体更换和放电气体纯度提高等方面对辉光放电质谱的质谱干扰校正方法的现状进行了评述(引用文献共68篇)。     

Analysis of thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in the Si-P system

A self-consistent analysis of the available data on thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in the Si-P system is performed. Thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid solutions of phosphorus in silicon are approximated on the basis of the concepts of dilute and ideal associated solutions. The thermodynamic properties and phase boundaries in the range of compositions 0 ≤ x(P) ≤ 0.5 are adequately described.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定人造金刚石中铁、钴、锰、镍

1引言近年来,我国人造金刚石的产量和应用有了很大的发展。以现有的人造金刚石合成技术,通常以Fe,Ni,Co,Mn等元素组成的合金作为触媒,这使人造金刚石中极易残留这些金属组成的包裹体。诸多研究表明,包裹体含量和分布情况对人造金刚石的性能有着重要影响[1]。经查阅文献,已有使用X射线荧光光谱法对人造金刚石中杂质元素含量进行半定量分析的报道[2]。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)被广泛应用于岩矿、土壤样品中多元素分析[3]。本实验以在大气气氛中高温灰化和混合酸对样品进行前处理,采用ICP-AES测定人造金刚石中Fe,Co,Ni和Mn。本方法操作简便,处理效果良好。